Knowledge Base

The DPP Landscape Scan provides an overview of actors and roles to foster collaboration, standardization, and
adoption. A DPP Ecosystem Framework was developed to structure the landscape. It maps 12 roles across three
layers: supply chain, value, and ecosystem network. The input was based on 71 voluntary responses (June–Sept
2025).

This report captures the current state of DPP adoption in the Dutch market. Through interviews, it highlights successes, challenges, and market needs across sectors. The adoption pulse offers practical recommendations for organizations, policymakers, and ecosystem orchestrators, focusing on accelerating implementation and overcoming real-world barriers.

This page on the official portal for European data provides a reliable overview of the policy objectives of the EU’s Digital Product Passports initiative, with further links to more detailed information.

This is a link to the EUR-LEX version of the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, which introduces and provides many of the basic rules for Digital Product Passports in the EU.

This document from the second edition of the Cirpass Project describes User Stories for the DPP system. These User Stories are intended to bridge the gap between the intentions of the European regulators, as expressed in the ESPR, and the DPP system development and standardisation activities. The purpose of the User Stories in this document is to elaborate, reason on and illustrate how the DPP system would function, enabling the specification of its technical requirements and reference architecture.

This is a working proof-of-concept developed by the ProPare project that shows how a Digital Product Passport system might work in practice, including functioning Android and iOS applications, within a narrow scope. A technical solution guide and a recording of a live presentation of the prototype is also available.

This document, authored by GS1, provides a preliminary overview of a potential architecture and set of principles for Digital Product Passports, based on the GS1 standards suite.

This document, from the DaCapo project, discusses in detail the circular economy transition and identifies opportunities for manufacturing innovations. These are particularly expected to ameliorate the growing frustrations faced by businesses experiencing stubborn barriers in implementing circular economy strategies. It identifies multiple existing trends, and introduces different archetypes of servitisation business models.

This document is an addendum to the Battery Passport Content Guidance v. 1.1, and created by the Battery Pass Consortium in collaboration with Global Battery Alliance ID working group. It synthesises the data attribute requirements and definitions, and can serve as a semantic basis for implementing the battery passport.

This document from the Battery Pass project summarises the content related requirements for the Battery Passport (i.e., a Digital Product Passport for batteries) in the EU, drawing mainly on the EU Battery Regulation. It provides a foundation for the technical approaches for the Battery Passport, a formal reference model for data collection, and a Technical Standard Stack to cover relevant technical specifications within the scope of the project.

The full report is also available.

This document from the Battery Pass project provides a detailed overview of the content related requirements for the Battery Passport (i.e., a Digital Product Passport for batteries) in the EU, drawing mainly on the EU Battery Regulation. It provides a foundation for the technical approaches for the Battery Passport, a formal reference model for data collection, and a Technical Standard Stack to cover relevant technical specifications within the scope of the project.

An executive summary is also available.

This github repository from the Battery Pass project provides a detailed data model for the exchange of battery-related information across the value chain, based on the Battery Pass Content Guidance from the same project and taking into account the requirements of Digital Product Passports.

The Content Guidance is also available separately.

This document from the Battery Pass consortium provides actors in the battery value chain with a summarised picture of the technical requirements of the Battery Passport (i.e., a Digital Product Passport for batteries). It specifies the operative elements of the Passport as mandated by law, and towards its implementation in business realities.

The full report is also available.

This document from the Battery Pass consortium provides actors in the battery value chain with a detailed picture of the technical requirements of the Battery Passport (i.e., a Digital Product Passport for batteries). It specifies the operative elements of the Passport as mandated by law, and towards its implementation in business realities.

The executive summary is also available.

This document presents the full findings of the Battery Pass consortium’s ‘Value Assessment’, and explores the setup and economic, environmental and social benefits of the Battery Passport (a Digital Product Passport for batteries) in the EU. It highlights the benefits for business and consumers, while also addressing implementation challenges, regulatory uncertainties, and practical steps for business and policymakers to maximise the impact of DPPs.

An executive summary is also available.

This document summarises the findings of the Battery Pass consortium’s ‘Value Assessment’, and explores the setup of the Battery Passport (a Digital Product Passport for batteries) in the EU. It highlights the benefits for business and consumers, while also addressing implementation challenges, regulatory uncertainties, and practical steps for business and policymakers to maximise the impact of DPPs.

The full report is also available.

This document from the first edition of the Cirpass project defines an initial set of information requirements for DPPs for batteries, electronics and textiles sectors. It identifies these requirements by drawing on both, information that is mandatory to disclose by law and information that was used in DPP initiatives existing at the time.

This document from the first edition of the Cirpass project discusses the challenges DPPs are likely to face, specifically regarding enabling the identification of the product to which each DPP relates. It discusses the problems identification schemes must overcome to meet this requirement, and analyses several identification schemes to evaluate their fitness for this purpose.

This report from the first edition of the Cirpass project presents the costs, benefits and impact the implementation of DPP systems may impose specifically of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises, and discusses the role of Digital Product Passport Service Providers in assisting with the same.

This report provides a cross-sector as well as sector-specific system roadmaps for the development and deployment of functioning Digital Product Passport (DPP) systems that effectively supports the circular economy in the EU, specifically in relation to the batteries, electronics, and textiles sectors, and in the 2024-2027 period.

This document is an output from the first edition of the Cirpass project, and describes two parallel, yet interoperable architectures for the provision of Digital
Product Passports, based on DIDs and HTTP URIs. An updated DPP Reference Architecture from the second edition of the Cirpass project is forthcoming.

This document from the first Cirpass project is a result of a qualitative analysis with 40 stakeholders over six use cases linked to specific circular economy actions in the Battery, Electronics and Textile sectors. This report highlights, inter alia, the ability of DPPs to reduce information asymmetry and foster trust in second-hand markets, and to increase the recovery rate of valuable materials.

This study from the first edition of the Cirpass project identifies 10 drivers, 28 barriers, 32 opportunities, 30 challenges and 67 actionable recommendations for the successful implementation and delivery of Digital Product Passports, tailored to specific audiences such as policymakers and IT providers.

The document presents a high-level overview of the Digital Product Passport (DPP) system and its technological and international context, emphasizing the importance for semantic interoperability for its functioning. It also provides a non-exhaustive list of potentially useful data models, ontologies and illustrative videos.

This document from the Cirpass project outlines the development of a Digital Product Passport system to support sustainability and the circular economy. It collects and analyses the results from other CIRPASS reports to define a roadmap for the DPP system in the short term and midterm future, specifically focusing on identification schemes, data carriers, DPP system components, dataspace integration, prototyping and deployment.

A conversation with Sjoerd Rongen, Digital Product Passports Lead at TNO and associated with the CoE-DSC, about the necessity, future implementation, and potential benefits of DPPs. A video recording of the associated presentation and slides are also available.